Breathe, Squeeze, Burn and Churn

The Otto cycle engine has been a marvelous invention for more than 100 yrs. Getting the fuel into the engine, burning it, then getting rid of it later is the stuff of legend from your driveway to the Bonneville salt flats and many Brickyard miles in between.

Titanium valves help the process along with opened up ports.   This is the churn part.

It's an art.